A Snapshot of a Pandemic: The Interplay between Social Isolation and COVID-19 Dynamics in Brazil (preprint)

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most governments around the world implemented some kind of social distancing policy in an attempt to block the spreading of the virus within a territory. In Brazil, this mitigation strategy was first implemented in March 2020 and mainly monitored by social isolation indicators built from mobile geolocation data. While it is well known that social isolation has been playing a crucial role in epidemic control, the precise connections between mobility data indicators and epidemic dynamic parameters have a complex interdependence. In this work, we investigate this dependence for several Brazilian cities, looking also at socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence it. As expected, the increase in the social isolation indicator was shown to be related to the decrease in the speed of transmission of the disease, but the relation was shown to depend on the urban hierarchy level of the city, the human development index and also the epidemic curve stage. Moreover, a high social isolation at the beginning of the epidemic relates to a strong positive impact on flattening the epidemic curve, while less efficacy of this mitigation strategy was observed when it has been implemented later. Mobility data plays an important role in epidemiological modeling and decision-making, however, we discuss in this work how a direct relationship between social isolation data and COVID-19 data is hard to be established. Understanding this interplay is a key factor to better modeling, for which we hope this study contributes.Funding: PSP was supported by grant # 16/18445-7, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and by grant #301778/2017-5, Na tional Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The research of CPF is supported by grant #2019/22157- 5, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and by grant #302984/2020-8, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). DM was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) dur ing the development of this paper.Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.

Data protection in times of COVID-19: Brief remarks

The COVID-19 pandemic, as a public calamity situation, motivated not only the first state of emergency declaration under the 1976 Constitution, but it also posed some challenges to personal data protection. However, unlike other rights suspended during the state of emergency or restricted during the state of calamity, the regime in question is primarily a result of European - not national - law. Thus, the processing of personal data carried out by the Public Administration must be based, even in a state of exception (should it be constitutional or administrative), on the lawfulness of processing reasons provided for in the GDPR. The problem of the limits on data processing by the Public Administration will be analyzed based on the guidelines published by the CNPD on the disclosure of information by local authorities regarding people infected with COVID-19, so as to confirm that the state of exception does not erase the requirements imposed by the GDPR.